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acupuncture

These pubmed results were generated on 2010/09/03

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Update on the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting and postdischarge nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery.

Anesthesiol Clin. 2010 Jun;28(2):225-49

Authors: Le TP, Gan TJ

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) continues to be one of the most common complaints following surgery, occurring in more than 30% of surgeries, or as high as 70% to 80% in certain high-risk populations without prophylaxis. The 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonists continue to be the mainstay of antiemetic therapy, but newer approaches, such as neurokinin-1 antagonists, a longer-acting serotonin receptor antagonist, multimodal management, and novel techniques for managing high-risk patients are gaining prominence. The related problem of postdischarge nausea and vomiting (PDNV) has received increasing attention from health care providers. The issues of PONV and PDNV are especially significant in the context of ambulatory surgeries, which comprise more than 60% of the combined 56.4 million ambulatory and inpatient surgery visits in the United States. Because of the relatively brief period that ambulatory patients spend in health care facilities, it is particularly important to prevent and treat PONV and PDNV swiftly and effectively.

PMID: 20488392 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The prevalence of mechanisms of dietary change in a community sample.

Appetite. 2010 Aug 20;

Authors: Chapman K, Ogden J

Evidence relating to dietary change is contradictory, as some studies document a lack of dietary change while other studies report a degree of success in the implementation and maintenance of long-term dietary change. The present cross-sectional survey aimed to establish the prevalence of dietary change in a community sample, with a focus on four mechanisms of dietary change: two mechanisms within an active path (accumulation of evidence and trigger to action) and two mechanisms within a passive path (imposed change and seamless change) across participants' lifespan (N=404). The results indicated that minor dietary change occurred frequently in the lives of 99% of participants. Those described as involving the active path illustrated a reliance on different, self-regulatory styles. In contrast, passive path changes reflected participants' flexible adaptation to the external environment and evolving personal health needs. Both, the changes within active and passive paths, occurred with almost equal frequency across participants' lifespan. Further, whilst weight loss in the past year tended to be attributed to conscious effort, weight gains were blamed on the obesogenic environment.

PMID: 20732360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prices Changes Alone Are Not Adequate to Produce Long-Term Dietary Change.

J Nutr. 2010 Aug 19;

Authors: Dellava JE, Bulik CM, Popkin BM

Taxation has been proposed as a means to reduce consumption of unhealthy food items. However, it is unknown if taxation without regulations or other activities known to shift eating behaviors lead to long-term dietary change. This unexplored issue is examined using data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Data were from adults aged 25-55 y who participated in the nationally representative Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls, detailed food expenditure data, and community-level food prices collected over 1994-2005 were used for these analyses. Longitudinal random effects models were used to test the relation of time on the structure of diet while controlling for total household expenditures. The proportion of total energy consumed from fat was higher in all other years combined compared with 1998 (P < 0.001). The proportion of dietary fat from high-fat meat and high-fat dairy items were lowest in 1998 and increased over subsequent years despite increasing costs. Percent fat from fats and oils continued to decline with rising costs. Price changes led to substantial shifts in the structure of food consumption. However, except for the most expensive items, consumption of items returned to levels consumed in the former Soviet Union following price stabilization.

PMID: 20724493 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder.

J Anxiety Disord. 2010 Aug;24(6):590-5

Authors: Kim B, Lee SH, Kim YW, Choi TK, Yook K, Suh SY, Cho SJ, Yook KH

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been studied to treat patients with depressive or anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether MBCT is effective as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of patients with panic disorder. Twenty-three patients with panic disorder were included in a MBCT program for a period of 8 weeks. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were used to assess the patients during the MBCT program. Both HAM-A and PDSS scores were significantly decreased at the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks compared to baseline in the patients with panic disorder (HAM-A, p<0.01; PDSS, p<0.01). Also, BAI, APPQ and ASI-R were improved significantly after MBCT program (BAI, p<0.01; APPQ, p<0.01; ASI-R, p<0.01). In addition, all subscale scores of ASI-R decreased significantly. MBCT could be effective as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy in patients with panic disorder. However, randomized controlled trials are needed.

PMID: 20427148 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Single-cell analysis of dihydroartemisinin-induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway in ASTC-a-1 cells using fluorescence imaging techniques.

J Biomed Opt. 2010 Jul-Aug;15(4):046028

Authors: Lu YY, Chen TS, Wang XP, Li L

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a front-line antimalarial herbal compound, has been shown to possess promising anticancer activity with low toxicity. We have previously reported that DHA induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, the cellular target and molecular mechanism of DHA-induced apoptosis is still poorly defined. We use confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching techniques to explore the roles of DHA-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the DHA-induced Bcl-2 family proteins activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase cascade, and cell death. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that DHA induced ROS-mediated apoptosis. Confocal imaging analysis in a single living cell and Western blot assay showed that DHA triggered ROS-dependent Bax translocation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, alteration of mitochondrial morphology, cytochrome c release, caspase-9, caspase-8, and caspase-3 activation, indicating the coexistence of ROS-mediated mitochondrial and death receptor pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that DHA induces cell apoptosis by triggering ROS-mediated caspase-8/Bid activation and the mitochondrial pathway, which provides some novel insights into the application of DHA as a potential anticancer drug and a new therapeutic strategy by targeting ROS signaling in lung adenocarcinoma therapy in the future.

PMID: 20799830 [PubMed - in process]

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Analysis of marker compounds with anti-platelet aggregation effects in mailuoning injection using platelet binding assay combined with HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and solid-phase extraction technique.

Phytochem Anal. 2010 Aug 26;

Authors: Yu L, Li Y, Fan H, Duan J, Zhu Q, Li S

Introduction - Mailuoning is prepared from a traditional formula of Chinese medicines and widely used as an antithrombotic agent. In this study, the platelet binding assay was used as a novel biospecific separation and analysis method to explore its active constituents, which could be considered as marker compounds for quality control.Objective - To establish a rapid and simple method to predict marker compounds in herbal medicine injection and evaluate the effects of those compounds.Material and methods - Platelets were used to bind and separate constituents. Binding constituents were analysed and taken as potential active compounds for further evaluation. Solid-phase-extraction was adopted to improve sensitivity. HPLC-DAD and ESI-MS were used to determine the binding constituents.Results - Five compounds were extracted through the platelet binding process and identified as neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid and their isomers. Caffeic acid was selected for the flow cytometric assay to test its effect on platelets activation, which was determined by CD62P (P-selectin) expression. The results indicated that caffeic acid could significantly inhibit platelet activation while chlorogenic acid did not.Conclusion - Caffeic acid could be considered as a marker compound of Mailuoning injection due to its anti-platelet effect. The study also suggested that platelet binding assay combined with some preconcentration technique could be efficiently used to predict anti-platelet compounds in complicated herbal medicines. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

PMID: 20799275 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Chinese medicine: its role and application in the institutionalised older people.

J Clin Nurs. 2010 Apr;19(7-8):1084-93

Authors: Wong EL, Lam JK, Griffiths S, Chung V, Yeoh EK

AIMS: The aim of the study was to explore the need for and application of Chinese medicine services and factors which impact on the accessibility of Chinese medicine among the institutionalised older people. BACKGROUND: Although complementary and alternative medicine is widely used by older Chinese both in Hong Kong and elsewhere, little is known about its use by the institutionalised older people. This study breaks new ground by exploring how Chinese medicine, the most popular form of complementary and alternative medicine used by older people, is used and accessed by the institutionalised older people in Hong Kong. DESIGN: Qualitative method. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2007 with 18 older individuals aged between 63-93 and living in three long-term care facilities in Hong Kong. RESULTS: Three main categories emerged from the data: (1) the role of Chinese medicine in the care of the aged; (2) barriers to the use of Chinese medicine in residences; and (3) factors facilitating the accessibility of Chinese medicine services in residences. Most of the older individuals interviewed claimed that Chinese medicine played a crucial role in their self-health management. The availability of Chinese medicine depended crucially on the support of the health care system, individual institutions and nursing staff. CONCLUSIONS: The value of Chinese medicine in the care of the institutionalised older people was highlighted. Chinese medicine as a complement to western medicine was perceived as an important component of self-health management. Attitudes towards the use of Chinese medicine in nursing homes therefore need to be reviewed and developed further in accordance with the health strategy policy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This research focuses on the role of complementary and alternative medicine in health care for the institutionalised older people. It provides health practitioners, researchers and policy makers with an additional perspective in the provision of quality client-centred care for older people living in long-term care.

PMID: 20492053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Erectogenic and neurotrophic effects of icariin, a purified extract of horny goat weed (Epimedium spp.) in vitro and in vivo.

J Sex Med. 2010 Apr;7(4 Pt 1):1518-28

Authors: Shindel AW, Xin ZC, Lin G, Fandel TM, Huang YC, Banie L, Breyer BN, Garcia MM, Lin CS, Lue TF

INTRODUCTION: Epimedium species (aka horny goat weed) have been utilized for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in Traditional Chinese Medicine for many years. Icariin (ICA) is the active moiety of Epimedium species. AIM: To evaluate the penile hemodynamic and tissue effects of ICA in cavernous nerve injured rats. We also studied the in vitro effects of ICA on cultured pelvic ganglia. METHODS: Rats were subjected to cavernous nerve injury and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with daily gavage feedings of a placebo solution of normal saline and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vs. ICA dissolved in DMSO at doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. A separate group underwent a single dose of ICA 10 mg/kg 2 hours prior to functional testing. Functional testing with cavernous nerve stimulation and real-time assessment of intracavernous pressure (ICP) was performed at 4 weeks. After functional testing, penile tissue was procured for immunohistochemistry and molecular studies. In separate experiments, pelvic ganglia were excised from healthy rats and cultured in the presence of ICA, sildenafil, or placebo culture media. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Ratio of ICP and area under the curve (AUC) to mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cavernous nerve stimulation of subject rodents. We also assayed tissue expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), calponin, and apoptosis via immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Differential length of neurite outgrowth was assessed in cultured pelvic ganglia. RESULTS: Rats treated with low-dose ICA demonstrated significantly higher ICP/MAP and AUC/MAP ratios compared with control and single-dose ICA animals. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were revealing of significantly greater positivity for nNOS and calponin in penile tissues of all rats treated with ICA. ICA led to significantly greater neurite length in cultured specimens of pelvic ganglia. CONCLUSION: ICA may have neurotrophic effects in addition to known phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibiting effects.

PMID: 20141584 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Effects of total glucosides of paeony on oxidative stress in the kidney from diabetic rats.

Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):254-60

Authors: Su J, Zhang P, Zhang JJ, Qi XM, Wu YG, Shen JJ

TGP, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb root of Paeonia lactiflora pall, has been shown to have therapeutic effect in experimental diabetic nephropathy. However, its mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of TGP on oxidative stress were investigated in the kidney of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. TGP (50, 100, 200mg/kg) was orally administered once a day for 8 weeks. TGP treatment in all three doses significantly lowered 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate in diabetic rats and attenuated glomerular volume. TGP treatment with 100 and 200mg/kg significantly reduced indices for tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic rats. The level of MDA was significantly increased in the kidney of diabetic rats and attenuated by TGP treatment at the dose of 200mg/kg. TGP treatment in a dose-dependent manner decreased the level of 3-NT protein of the kidney which increased under diabetes. T-AOC was significantly reduced in diabetic rat kidney and remarkably increased by TGP treatment at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg. Activity of antioxidant enzyme such as SOD, CAT was markedly elevated by TGP treatment with 200mg/kg. Western blot analysis showed that p-p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB p65 protein expression increased in diabetic rat kidney, which were significantly decreased by TGP treatment. It seems likely that oxidative stress is increased in the diabetic rat kidneys, while TGP can prevent diabetes-associated renal damage against oxidative stress.

PMID: 19758795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Effect of total saponins of "panax notoginseng root" on aortic intimal hyperplasia and the expressions of cell cycle protein and extracellular matrix in rats.

Phytomedicine. 2010 Mar;17(3-4):233-40

Authors: Wu L, Zhang W, Tang YH, Li H, Chen BY, Zhang GM, Deng CQ

AIM OF THE STUDY: the effect of total saponins of "panax notoginseng root" on aortic intimal hyperplasia and the expressions of cell cycle protein and extracellular matrix in rats MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, control, TSPN and atorvastatin group. Rat aorta intima in all groups were injured by insertion of domestic balloon catheter into the aortae except sham-operated rats. Drugs were administrated orally from the second day after vascular injury and continued for 14 days. The injured segments of aortae were collected on the sixteenth day after operation to observe the morphological changes of vascular structure and to examine the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), cyclinD1, cyclinE, collagen I(Col-I), fibronect(FN), matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1). RESULTS: TPNS significantly inhibited the vascular intimal hyperplasia. TPNS significantly lowered the expression of PCNA, cyclinE, cyclinD1, FN and MMP-9. TPNS had no significant impacts on the expression of Col-I and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies indicated that TSPN could inhibit vessel restenosis after vascular intimal injury, and its mechanisms may be related to the blockage of the excessive proliferation of VSMC, the reduction of ECM protein deposition in the endometrium, and the degradation of ECM protein.

PMID: 19748258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The Development and Validation of an Outcome Measure for Spiritual Healing: A Mixed Methods Study.

Psychother Psychosom. 2010 Aug 20;79(6):350-362

Authors: Bishop FL, Barlow F, Walker J, McDermott C, Lewith GT

Background: Spiritual healing, probably the oldest documented paramedical intervention, is a neglected area of research. In order to conduct further research into the effects of healing, a valid and reliable outcome measure is needed that captures the experience of individuals receiving healing (healees) and is not burdensome to complete. We aimed to develop such a measure. Methods: A mixed methods design was used. Focus groups and cognitive interviews were used to generate and refine questionnaire items grounded in the experiences and language of healees (Study 1). The resulting questionnaire was tested and its formal psychometric properties were evaluated (Study 2). Participants were recruited from a spiritual healing sanctuary and via individual healers (including registered spiritual healers, Reiki practitioners, healers affiliated with churches). Results: In Study 1, 24 participants took part in 7 focus groups and 6 cognitive interviews. 29 common effects were identified and grouped into 7 discrete dimensions that appeared to characterize potentially sustainable effects reported by participants following their experiences of spiritual healing. In Study 2, 393 participants returned completed baseline questionnaires, 243 of whom completed the questionnaire again 1-6 weeks later. Exploratory factor analysis generated 5 subscales, based on 20 of the items: outlook, energy, health, relationships and emotional balance. These subscales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, convergent validity and test-retest reliability. Three of the subscales and the whole questionnaire demonstrated good sensitivity to change. Conclusions: We have produced a psychometrically sound healing impact questionnaire that is acceptable to healees, healers and researchers for use in future evaluations of spiritual healing.

PMID: 20733345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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